架設網站後，如果能即時獲得每日伺服器頻寬流量數據與硬體狀況等各項資訊？小編在此介紹 Observium 觀察工具，這裡需要搭配多項設定配合完成，一起跟著步驟了解其中的技巧吧！

1. 安裝 Nginx + PHP-FPM + MySQL

下載EPEL(Extra Package for Enterprise Linux) 並輸入到yum

rpm --import http://apt.sw.be/RPM-GPG-KEY.dag.txt
rpm -Uvh http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
rpm -Uvh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

使用yum安裝所需的package

yum -y install nano.x86_64 wget.x86_64 net-snmp.x86_64 net-snmp-utils.x86_64 graphviz.x86_64 subversion.x86_64 \
mysql-server.x86_64 mysql.x86_64 rrdtool.x86_64 fping.x86_64 ImageMagick.x86_64 jwhois.x86_64 nmap.x86_64 \
ipmitool.x86_64 MySQL-python.x86_64 vixie-cron.x86_64 nginx.x86_64 php-fpm.x86_64 php-mysql.x86_64 php-gd.x86_64 \
php-snmp.x86_64 php-mcrypt.x86_64 php-pear.noarch

2. 設定Nginx

建立nginx所擁有的網站設定資料夾

mkdir -p /etc/nginx/sites-available

建立nginx正在使用的網址設定資料夾

mkdir -p /etc/nginx/sites-enabled

新增一個nginx網址設定檔案給Observium使用，/etc/nginx/sites-available/monitor

server {
    server_name monitor.domain.com;
    access_log /home/monitor/logs/access.log;
    error_log /home/monitor/logs/error.log;
    root /home/monitor/public_html;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;
    }

    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|css|js|ico|xml)$ {
        access_log        off;
        log_not_found     off;
        expires           360d;
    }

    location ~* \.php$ {
        fastcgi_index   index.php;
        fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;
        include         fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
    }
}

把這網址設定檔案連接到nginx正在使用的網址設定資料夾

ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/monitor /etc/nginx/sites-enabled

3. 設定PHP-FPM

刪除沒有用的php-fpm舊設定

rm -rf /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

新增一個php-fpm網址含資料夾設定檔案給Observium使用，/etc/php-fpm.d/monitor.conf

[monitor]
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
user = monitor
group = monitor
request_slowlog_timeout = 5s
slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/slowlog-monitor.log
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 5
pm.start_servers = 3
pm.min_spare_servers = 2
pm.max_spare_servers = 4
pm.max_requests = 200
listen.backlog = -1
pm.status_path = /status
request_terminate_timeout = 120s
rlimit_files = 131072
rlimit_core = unlimited
catch_workers_output = yes
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

改selinux設定讓php-fpm可以直接讀每個網址資料夾依照設定

setenforce 0

更改 /etc/selinux/config把SELINUX改稱SELINUX=permissive

4. 新增帳號（給observium資料夾使用）

adduser monitor;passwd monitor
chmod o+x /home/monitor

5. 啟動MySQL

service mysqld start

首次設定

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

登入mySQL建立observium資料庫

mysql -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE observium;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON observium.* TO 'observium'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密碼';
QUIT;

6. 安裝Observium

su monitor;cd;mkdir logs
wget http://www.observium.org/observium-community-latest.tar.gz
tar -zxf observium-community-latest.tar.gz
mv observium/ public_html/;cd ~/public_html
cp config.php.default config.php

7. 設定Observium

nano config.php

$config[‘db_pass’]改稱剛啟動mySQL時建立新mysql帳號的密碼;
$config[‘install_dir’]改成”/home/monitor/public_html”;
在最後一行加$config[‘fping’] = “/usr/sbin/fping”;

首次建立Observium資料庫格式

php includes/update/update.php

新增Observium記錄資料夾

mkdir logs

新增流量RRD資料夾

mkdir rrd

新增Observium帳號
./adduser.php <帳號> <密碼> <級別 10代表管理員>
例如

./adduser.php joni abc123 10

8. 設定crontab

新增新檔/etc/cron.d/observium

33  */6   * * *   monitor    /opt/observium/discovery.php -h all >> /dev/null 2>&1
  */5 *      * * *   monitor    /opt/observium/discovery.php -h new >> /dev/null 2>&1
  */5 *      * * *   monitor    /opt/observium/poller-wrapper.py 1 >> /dev/null 2>&1

重開crontab

/etc/init.d/cron reload

9. 設定主機開機自動啟動nginx,php-fpm含mysql

chkconfig nginx on
chkconfig php-fpm on
chkconfig mysqld on

10. 使用Observium

使用瀏覽器打開http://主機的IP

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